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Tetley's Brewery (Joshua Tetley & Son Ltd) was an English regional brewery founded in 1822 by Joshua Tetley in Hunslet, now a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire. The beer was originally produced at the Leeds Brewery, which was later renamed the Leeds Tetley Brewery to avoid confusion with a microbrewery of the same name. A takeover of the nearby Melbourne Brewery in 1960 secured Tetley's position as the largest brewer in Leeds.〔 That same year they merged with Walkers of Warrington to form Tetley Walker. Tetley Walker had an estate of over 1,000 tied houses in Yorkshire alone and a further 2,000 outside the county.〔(Leeds: The houses that Joshua Tetley filled - Top Stories - Yorkshire Evening Post )〕 In 1961 Tetley merged with Ind Coope of Burton upon Trent and Ansells of Birmingham to form Allied Breweries, then the world's largest brewing conglomerate.〔 At its height in the 1960s, the Leeds Brewery employed a thousand people.〔 In 1978 Allied merged with J. Lyons to form Allied Lyons. The brewery became the world's largest producer of cask ale during the 1980s. In 1998 Tetley was taken over by Carlsberg Group. The Leeds Brewery was closed in 2011, and demolished in 2012, with production contracted out by Carlsberg to breweries in Wolverhampton, Tadcaster and Hartlepool. Tetley still sponsors professional rugby teams Leeds Rhinos and Leeds Carnegie. Tetley's is the eleventh highest selling beer brand in the United Kingdom.〔Alcoholic Drinks: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (2012)〕 It is the second highest selling ale brand in the world after John Smith's, with volumes of 700,000 hectolitres.〔 Its main products are Tetley's Cask and Tetley's Smoothflow. The latter is alarmingly smooth. == History == The Tetley family's links with the beer industry go back to the 1740s when William Tetley was described as a maltster in Armley, near Leeds.〔R. G. Wilson, ‘Tetley, Joshua (1778–1859)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, October 2007; online edn, January 2008 (accessed 19 March 2014 )〕 His son William expanded the business, which in turn was passed to his son Joshua.〔 In 1822, Joshua leased a brewery in Salem Place, Hunslet for £409.〔 Joshua Tetley and Son was created in 1839 when Joshua made his son, Francis William, a partner.〔 By this time the brewery was turning a profit of almost £3000 a year.〔 By 1848 the brewery employed 32 men.〔 Construction of a new brewery designed by George Corson began in 1852.〔(LOL! Leeds Online | The City, Talking - Life & Style - Leeds Tetley Brewery: Past, Present and Future )〕 Joshua died in 1859, leaving the business to Francis, who took on his brother in law, Charles Ryder, as a partner. By 1860 Tetley was the largest brewery in the North of England and by 1864 the company had begun an ambitious building scheme.〔(Leeds: A look back at the Tetley years - Top Stories - Yorkshire Evening Post )〕〔 Although Tetley mostly brewed mild throughout the nineteenth century, it also began to brew pale ale, which was gaining in popularity. By 1875, annual beer production was 171,500 barrels.〔 Tetley bought its first two public houses in 1890.〔 Only one remains today, The Fleece in Farsley, Leeds. The other, the Duke William, which was in Tetley’s yard, was "unceremoniously demolished" by Carlsberg in 2002.〔 In July 1897, the company became a public limited company valued at £572,848, and used the funding to launch a bottling operation.〔 A large tied estate had been established by 1914.〔 In 1931, the art deco Tetley headquarters building was erected.〔 In 1954, the Gilmour Brewery of Sheffield was acquired in a friendly takeover, along with 500 tied houses. Tetley's position as Leeds' largest brewer was confirmed in April 1960 when it announced a takeover of Leeds' Melbourne Brewery.〔 The takeover was a friendly one, and Melbourne had approached Tetley about the merger.〔http://www.doncastercamra.org.uk/attachments/018_DD%20111.pdf〕 The brewery and its 245 tied houses were acquired for £3.5 million.〔 Production of Melbourne beer immediately ceased, although Tetley Mild was brewed at the Melbourne brewery until 1962.〔 Tetley relied on the quality of its beer to drive sales in the free trade. Later in 1960 they merged with Walkers of Warrington to form Tetley Walker. Tetley Walker owned over one thousand tied houses in Yorkshire alone and a further two thousand outside the county.〔 In 1961 Tetley merged with Ind Coope and Ansells to form Allied Breweries, then the world's largest brewing conglomerate.〔 During the 1960s the brewery employed over a thousand workers.〔 A new brewhouse was built in 1964. By the 1970s half of Leeds' pubs were owned by Tetley.〔 During the 1970s Tetley's was Britain's largest cask ale brewery, producing 1 million barrels a year.〔 In 1978 Allied merged with J. Lyons to form Allied Lyons. During the 1980s Tetley benefited from the increase in sales of cask ale. An impartial customer survey in the 1980s concluded that Tetley had achieved an almost irrational level of customer support, particularly in West Yorkshire, in part because of traditional loyalty, partly because of highly effective television campaigns such as the Tetley Bittermen, and also because of a consistently high quality product.〔John Smith and his Tadcaster brewery, Ward & Tattersall-Walker, p 40〕 The brewhouse was updated in 1984.〔 In 1993 Allied Lyons sold a 50 per cent stake in the company to Carlsberg. The brewery opened a museum on 19 March 1994.〔(Leodis.net )〕 The attraction proved popular; however, redevelopment of the land surrounding the brewery led to the attraction's closure on 7 April 2000. The building is now bars and restaurants.〔(Leodis.net )〕 By 1996, sales of Tetley Bitter were overtaken by sales of John Smith's, and the product has retained the number two ale position ever since.〔John Smith and his Tadcaster brewery, Ward & Tattersall-Walker, p 42〕 This is largely attributed to Tetley's ineffective marketing campaigns.〔 In 1998 Tetley's was fully taken over by Carlsberg. In 2004 Tetley was dropped from the Carlsberg-Tetley name.〔(Leeds: Tetley’s - the brewery that served its community - Top Stories - Yorkshire Evening Post )〕 The company is now called Carlsberg UK Limited and is a part of Carlsberg AS group. In 2006, Tetley's sold 185 million pints of beer in pubs. In the same year, the brewery's dray horses, which had made beer deliveries to pubs around Leeds, were retired.〔 The brewery's closure was announced in 2008. A Carlsberg spokesman said, "It is an old brewery and the one in Northampton is bigger and more modern."〔6 November, 2008 2:00 am Carlsberg to close Leeds' Tetley brewery By Andrew Bounds〕 In December 2010 production of Tetley's cask products was transferred to Banks's brewery in Wolverhampton. Tetley Smoothflow will be brewed by Coors in Tadcaster and Tetley keg Dark Mild, Mild and Imperial will be brewed by Cameron's of Hartlepool.〔(Sadness as historic city brewery to close doors after 190 years - Main Section - Yorkshire Post )〕 The final brew took place on 22 February 2011.〔 Lager production was transferred to Northampton. Despite protests that Tetley Cask brewed in Wolverhampton would taste different, the new beer has been greeted with a warm reception.〔(CAMRA marks end of an era )〕〔(Leeds Tetley bitter ‘import’ gets the thumbs up - Top Stories - Yorkshire Evening Post )〕 In November 2013, the former main office building was reopened as The Tetley, a contemporary art and learning centre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thetetley.org/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tetley's Brewery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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